Title

Solution: The power of solutes in water.

Problem Scenario

Will Solutes affect water temperature until freezing?

Broad Question

How do solutes affect water temperature?

Specific Question

How do different solutes affect water temperature until freezing?

Hypothesis

I think that solutes will slow down the freezing because solutes will be harder to freeze.

Graph of Hypothesis

Variables

Independent Variable: Type of Solute

Dependent Variable: Time (Hours)

Variables That Need To Be Controlled: Water temperature, Water level, Amount of Solute (Teaspoons.) Freezer Temperature.

Vocabulary List That Needs Explanation

Solute - Substance (Usually powder) that dissolves in other liquids.

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General Plan

1. Fill five containers with an equal amount of water.
2. Put each five solutes in a different container.
3. Stir solutes thoroughly until mixed with water.
4. Put each container (one at a time) in a freezer.
5. Check on every hour until frozen - repeat until finished with all containers.

Potential Problems And Solutions

Problems:
-Freezer not cold enough
-Takes over night to freeze
Solutions:
-Find a colder area (snow, different freezer, etc.)
-Wait until morning to continue experiment.
-Record results then wait for morning to continue experiment

Safety Or Environmental Concerns

-Accidental Ingestion
-In face, mouth, or eyes

Experimental Design

Controlled, manipulated experiment

Number Of Trials:

2

Number Of Subjects In Each trial:

6

When data will be collected

After Freezing

Number of Observations:

Every hour until frozen

Where will data be collected?:

Kitchen/Freezer

Comparative Study

Number Of Comparison Samples:

Number Of Observation In Each Sample:

When data will be collected

Where will data be collected?:

Descriptive Study

Item to be described

Time it took freeze

Methods of observation

Viewing to see it's frozen

Measurements to be collected

Length of time it took to freeze water with solutes dissolved.

Innovation

Number Of Trials:

Number Of Subjects In Each trial:

When data will be collected

Number of Observations:

Where will data be collected?:

Resources and Budget Table

Resources needed:
One container of salt: .99 - 2.00
One container of sugar: .99 - 2.00
One bottle of shampoo: 1.00 - 3.00
One container of chocolate milk mix: 1.99 - 2.99
One container of Baking powder: 2.99
Six containers (empty): - 5.00 - 10.00
Enough water to fill six containers: Tap (free)

Data Table

Time Line

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Background Research

The freezing point or melting point of water is the temperature at which water changes phase from a liquid to a solid or vice versa. The freezing point describes the liquid to solid transition while the melting point is the temperature at which water goes from a solid (ice) to liquid water. In theory, the two temperatures would be the same, but liquids can be supercooled beyond their freezing points so that they don't solidify until well below freezing point. Ordinarily the freezing point of water is 0° C or 32° F. The temperature may be lower if supercooling occurs or if there are impurities present in the water which could cause freezing point depression to occur.
http://chemistry.about.com/od/waterchemistry/f/freezing-point-of-water.htm
"What Is the Freezing Point of Water?" About.com Chemistry. Web. 08 Mar. 2012. <http://chemistry.about.com/od/waterchemistry/f/freezing-point-of-water.htm>.


I couldn't find anyone who tried this experiment before.

References

Detailed Procedure

Diagram

Photo List

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Results

All Raw Data

Graphs

Photos

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Data Analysis

Conclusion

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Discussion

Benefit to Community and/or Science

Abstract